Seoul virus causes a moderately severe disease resembling that due to Hantaan virus. Dobrova and Hantaan viruses cause a more severe HFRS with fever, haemorrhage, and renal failure, and a mortality rate of up to 15%. The more severe forms of disease have haemorrhagic (bleeding) manifestations. ![]() Infection with these viruses can cause a disease characterised by fever, headache, gastrointestinal symptoms and renal dysfunction. The incubation period is generally 2 to 4 weeks but can range from 2 days to 8 weeks. The viruses that cause HFRS include Hantaan, Dobrava, Seoul, and Puumala. HFRS is a group of clinically similar illnesses occurring worldwide, and including Korean haemorrhagic fever, epidemic haemorrhagic fever, and nephropathia epidemica. Haemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome ( HFRS) To help reduce the risk of infection, simple hygiene precautions such as washing your hands after handling rats or their bedding and cage should be applied. Transmission of the virus to human occurs through the inhalation of infected animal excreta and fluids, such as urine, faeces and saliva Once infected the rodent will secrete infectious virus for prolonged periods, probably for life.
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